The Himalayan mountain range and Tibetan plateau have formed as a result of the collision between the Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate which began 50 million years ago and continues today. There are some sub-varieties but these are the main ones. They are formed when two plates collide, either crumpling up and forming mountains or pushing one of the plates under the other and back into the mantle to melt.
Convergent boundaries form strong earthquakes, as well as volcanic mountains or islands, when the sinking oceanic plate melts. There are three types of convergent boundaries: Oceanic-Continental Convergence. Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence. Continental-Continental Convergence. There are three types of convergent plate boundaries: oceanic-oceanic boundaries, oceanic-continental boundaries, and continental-continental boundaries.
The similarities are that a boundary of any kind marks the line between two tectonic plates. Similarities between divergent and convergent boundaries include magma or lava flows, formation of new topographic features and re-shaping of landmasses. When two tectonic plates of different densities collide due to convection currents that are produced by the heat within the asthenosphere, a plate boundary convergent is formed.
Deep trenches are usually formed where one of the plates slides beneath each other a process called subduction. This movement is called plate motion, or tectonic shift. When two plates come in contact with each other through plate tectonics, scientists can use the density of the plates to predict what will happen. The Indo-Australian tectonic plate — containing the continent of Australia, the Indian subcontinent, and surrounding ocean — was pushed northward by the convection currents generated in the inner mantle.
For millions of years, India made its way across the sea toward the Eurasian plate. As India approached Asia, around 40 million years ago, the Tethys Sea began to shrink and its seabed slowly pushed upwards.
The Tethys Sea disappeared completely around 20 million years ago and sediments rising from its seabed formed a mountain range. When India and Tibet collided, instead of descending with the plate, the relatively light sedimentary and metamorphic rock that makes up the subcontinent of India pushed against Tibet, forcing it upwards, and created a massive mountain fold.
The Himalayas. Ten of the world's 14 peaks that rise to more than 26, feet 8, m are located in the Himalayas, including Mount Everest, 29, feet 8, m , Nanga Parbat, 26, feet 8, m , and Namche Barwa, 25, feet 7, m.
The rivers that drain the Himalayas exhibit some of the highest sediment outputs in the world, including the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra. The Indo-Gangetic Plain , on the southern side of the Himalayas, is a foreland basin filled by sediments eroded from the mountains and deposited on Precambrian and Gondwanan rocks of peninsular India.
The northern margin of the Himalayas is marked by the world's highest and largest uplifted plateau, the Tibetan Plateau. The Himalayas is one of the youngest mountain ranges in the world but has a long and complicated history best understood in the context of five main structural and tectonic units within the ranges. The Lower or Subhimalaya is thrust over the Subhimalaya along the Main Boundary Thrust, and consists mainly of deformed thrust sheets derived from the northern margin of the Indian shield.
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