Hazardous Waste. Contact Us. On this page: Background What is solid waste? What is a Solid Waste? For More About Recycling Exclusions. Contact Us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.
Petrochemical recovered oil from an associated organic chemical manufacturing facility. Hazardous secondary material generated and legitimately reclaimed within the United States or its territories and under the control of the generator. Hazardous secondary material that is generated and then transferred for the purpose of reclamation is not a solid waste. Solvent-contaminated wipes that are sent for cleaning and reuse are not solid wastes from the point of generation.
What is a Hazardous Waste? General Definition. Corrosivity Ignitability Reactivity Toxicity. EPA Regulatory Definition. Is it solid waste? Is the solid waste exempt from being regulated? Radioactive Waste. Main Causes of Hazardous Waste. Hazardous Waste Types.
Carcinogenicity In this situation, the waste contains a certain level of cancer-causing substance that classifies it as being dangerous. Acute Oral Toxicity This type of toxic waste is due to slightly toxic substances or becomes slightly toxic when consumed.
Acute Aquatic Toxicity This toxicity is related to waste being toxic when fish are exposed to it. Listed Wastes. Mercury-Containing Products. Commercial Chemical Products. Identified Managed Treated. Treatment and Storage. Facility management standards Requirements for toxic waste management units Other precautions for protecting soil, groundwater, and air. Share on facebook. Share on twitter. Share on linkedin. Table of Contents. Search Articles. Featured Articles. ACTenviro Corporate November 8, Article Categories.
When categorizing hazardous waste, the EPA breaks it down by four characteristics: ignitability , or something flammable corrosivity , or something that can rust or decompose reactivity , or something explosive toxicity , or something poisonous These high level categories each have their own characteristics that further help you as a generator define with what your are dealing. Ignitability of Hazardous Waste There are three types of ignitable forms: Liquids with a flash point—the lowest temperature at which fumes above waste ignite—of 60 degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit.
Examples include alcohol, gasoline, and acetone. Solids that spontaneously combust. Oxidizers and compressed gasses. Hazardous Waste Corrosivity Corrosive substances, such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid, have the ability eat through containers, causing the leakage of harmful materials.
Understanding the Reactivity of Your Hazardous Waste Given their instability, reactive wastes can be very dangerous. This process is now applied at all stages of nuclear processing from power plant design through operation to decommissioning. Some wastes may require treatment for safety, handling, or stability for interim storage reasons. For new wastes, there is an opportunity to influence the process design so that wastes generated will require little or no treatment.
If treatment is required, it is usually easier to obtain most of the characterization, while the waste is in raw form and characterization requirements may be directed toward treatment process control. For historic wastes, many situations are possible. Wastes may have already undergone some degree of treatment with little or no precharacterization. In such a case, further characterization will be required both before and during treatment to obtain a sufficient degree of detailed information.
Waste streams may have been inadvertently combined, leading to a much larger volume of material that must be checked for certain properties. Previously treated wastes need to be examined to determine the compatibility of the prior treatment process with the waste acceptance criteria for the conditioning and disposal phases [ 13 ].
However, the seeking of inexpensive methods has led to develop new technologies based on the utilization of plant in biosorption of hazardous elements such as radioisotopes. Phytoremediation is the using of plants to remove hazardous contaminants from the environment. Phytoremediation like other traditional treatment processes has to follow the subsequent step called immobilization process, and it could be done to solidify and stabilize the resulting secondary solid waste in an inert matrix [ 15 ].
The efficiency of contamination removal by phytoremediation can be greatly enhanced by a proper selection of the species suitable for the nature of pollutant and according to its geographic location, the microclimate, hydrological conditions, soil properties, and accumulation capacity of the plant species. Processing of radioactive waste includes any operation that changes its characteristics such as pretreatment, treatment, and conditioning. Immobilization reduces the potential for migration or dispersion of contaminants including radionuclides.
The International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA defines immobilization as the conversion of a waste into a waste form by solidification, embedding, or encapsulation. It facilitates handling, transportation, storage, and disposal of radioactive wastes. Conditioning means those operations that produce a waste package suitable for handling, transportation, storage, and disposal.
Conditioning may include the conversion of waste to a solid waste form and enclosure of waste in containers [ 12 ]. Moreover, it provides the waste form acceptable mechanical performance to withstand transport and handling. Inorganic binders such as cement are effective in immobilizing heavy metals through chemical and physical containment mechanisms, but are not as effective in immobilizing most organic contaminants.
The requirements for the waste form are to provide physical, chemical, and thermal stabilities of the solidified radioactive materials. Moreover, the immobilized final waste forms resist leaching, powdering, cracking, and other modes of degradation. Waste disposal is the final step of waste management and ideally comprises placing hazardous waste in a dedicated disposal facility, although discharging of effluents into the environment within permitted limits is also a disposal option.
According to IAEA, the disposal of radioactive waste is defined as the emplacement of waste in an approved specific facility that is intended to isolate the waste from human and environment and to prevent or limit a release of potentially harmful substances such that human health and the environment are protected. However, the safe disposal of radioactive wastes is one of the main concerns for those who oppose the nuclear technology.
Therefore, disposal plays an important role in public acceptance of civilian applications of nuclear technology in different nations [ 10 ]. Flooding accidents, one of the main dangerous problems that could face the solidified waste at the disposal site, should deserve special attention. Water is the primary agent of both creation and destruction of many natural materials, happens to be central of most durability problems in solidified waste materials [ 22 , 23 ].
The rate of chemical deterioration is dependent on whether the chemical attack is confined on the surface of solidified waste material or also happening inside the material.
The rate of deterioration is affected by the type and the concentration of ions present in water and by the chemical composition of the solid matrix.
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