How does the purple loosestrife affect people




















The Problem. Purple loosestrife is a very hardy perennial which can rapidly degrade wetlands, diminishing their value for wildlife habitat. Purple loosestrife also invades drier sites. Concern is increasing as the plant becomes more common on agricultural land, encroaching on farmers' crops and pasture land. What looks like purple loosestrife? Disguise don't be fooled by look-alikes : Looks like swamp loosestrife, fireweed, blue vervain, winged loosestrife, blazing star, and gayfeather, but these are harmless.

Why is the purple loosestrife known as the beautiful killer? The killer is purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria , a hardy flowering plant that was accidentally introduced to North America from Europe in the 's. Because this beautiful killer has no natural enemy in North America, purple loosestrife has expanded its range into every Canadian province. Where did the purple loosestrife originate? Purple loosestrife is an invasive wetland perennial from Europe and Asia.

Introduced in the early s to North America via ship ballast, as a medicinal herb, and ornamental plant. What is the size of the purple loosestrife? Purple loosestrife is an herbaceous perennial that may be from 3 to 10 feet tall, with an average height of 5 feet, and it flowers from early July to early September.

How does the purple loosestrife affect the Great Lakes? Invasive Purple Loosestrife is damaging because of its ability to work its way into lakes, rivers and wetlands and take over large areas.

As it makes its advances, it edges out other plants and the animals that depend on them, leading to negative biodiversity impacts for native wildlife and flora. How did purple loosestrife get to Canada? Purple Loosestrife is an invasive plant. It was accidently brought in the soil ballast of ships from Europe and Asia. Marshes, wet ditches, and streambanks. Are purple loosestrife beneficial to animals? Purple loosestrife has now naturalized and spread across Canada and the northern United States.

It can be found in wet meadows, river floodplains and damp roadsides. The flowering parts are used as medicine.

People use purple loosestrife as a tea for diarrhea, intestinal problems, and bacterial infections. They also use it for swelling and as a drying agent. Women use it for menstrual problems. Purple loosestrife is an herbaceous perennial that may be from 3 to 10 feet tall, with an average height of 5 feet, and it flowers from early July to early September. Purple Loosestrife is an invasive plant.

It was accidently brought in the soil ballast of ships from Europe and Asia. Marshes, wet ditches, and streambanks. Purple loosestrife is a perennial invasive plant that was introduced to North America from Europe via seeds in ships' ballast.

It is considered a serious threat to these habitats, because once it becomes established, it quickly displaces native species and reduces overall plant and animal diversity.

Purple loosestrife , Lythrum salicaria, is native to Europe. I'd call it "vigorous" in the UK , although outside Europe it can be an invasive menace. In the UK , Purple loosestrife is a beauty.

Effects on Ecosystem The Purple Loosestrife is a producer in the food web and is the first thing you will see. The Loosestrife primarily threatens the wetlands and habitats. It is the biggest impact on the food web recorded. Many other animals eat the Purple Loosestrife. What does it look like? Purple loosestrife is a tall erect plant with a square woody stem which can grow from four to ten feet high, depending on conditions.

Leaves are lance shaped, stalkless, and heart-shaped or rounded at the base. They produce numerous spikes of purple flowers throughout most of the summer. Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, all have an important role to play.

For example, A larger number of plant species means a greater variety of crops. Greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms. Oecologia — Blossey B a A comparison of various approaches for evaluating potential biological control agents using insects on Lythrum salicaria. Biological Control 5: — Blossey B b Coexistence of two leaf-beetles in the same fundamental niche: distribution, adult phenology and oviposition. Oikos — Blossey B c Impact of Galerucella pusilla and G.

Blossey B Before, during, and after: the need for long-term monitoring in invasive plant species management. Biological Invasions 1: — Blossey B Biological control of an invasive wetland plant: monitoring the impact of beetles introduced to control purple loosestrife.

John Wiley and Sons, New York in press. Journal of Economic Entomology — Blossey B andKamil J What determines the increased competitive ability of invasive nonindigenous plants?

Journal of Ecology — Environmental Entomology — Blossey B andSchroeder D Host specificity of three potential biological weed control agents attacking flowers and seeds of Lythrum salicaria purple loosestrife. Biological Control 5: 47— Blossey B andSkinner L Design and importance of post release monitoring. Bozeman, Montana. Weed Science — Brown B The impact of an invasive species Lythrum salicaria on pollination and reproduction of a native species L.

PhD thesis. Ohio Journal of Science 2—4. Corrigan J,Mackenzie DL andSimser L Field observations of non-target feeding by Galerucella calmariensis Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae , an introduced biological control agent of purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria Lythraceae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 99— Crawley MJ The successes and failures of weed biocontrol using insects. Biocontrol News and Information — Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment — Nielsen Fabaceae in South Africa.

African Entomology Memoir 1: 45— Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 1— Canadian Entomologist — Ambio 92— Hydrobiologia — Wetlands 95— Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 48— Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry — Nature — SIDA 6: 80— Grevstad FS Establishment of weed control agents under the influence of demographic stochasticity, environmental variability and Allee effects.

Stellenbosch, South Africa, January , pp — Grevstad FS Factors influencing the chance of population establishment: implications for release strategies in biocontrol. Ecological Applications 9: — Grevstad FS andHerzig AL Quantifying the effects of distance and conspecifics on colonization: experiments and models using the loosestrife leaf beetle, Galerucella calmariensis. Oecologia 60— Estuaries 96— Biodiversity and Conservation 7: — Weed Technology 8: — Wetlands — Colonial Waterbirds —



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